Sažetak

Tumačenje ugovora složen je proces koji u slučaju neslaganja strana postaje ključ razrješenja njihova spora. Značajne su razlike između anglosaksonskog i kontinentalnog pravnog sustava, gdje prvi polazi od objektivne metode i gramatičkog tumačenja ugovora, dok drugi naglasak stavlja na subjektivnu metodu tumačenja ugovora i istraživanje „prave“ volje strana. Međunarodni instrumenti koji se primjenjuju na trgovačke ugovore, posebice ugovore o kupoprodaji, također su se dotakli pitanja tumačenja ugovora. Pri tome je od najvećeg značaja Konvencija Ujedinjenih naroda o ugovorima o međunarodnoj prodaji robe iz 1980. godine koju je ratificirala i Republika Hrvatska. Cilj ovog poglavlja je analizirati glavne značajke tumačenja trgovačkih ugovora prema anglosaksonskom i kontinentalnom pravnom krugu, kao i međunarodnim izvorima kojima je cilj unificirati trgovačko pravo. Svrha je sučeliti ključne argumente dviju glavnih škola tumačenja ugovora – subjektivne i objektivne metode, te u tome pozicionirati rješenja hrvatskog zakonodavca. U poglavlju će se utvrditi treba li izmijeniti de lege lata rješenja ili bi pak hrvatska pravna znanost i sudska praksa trebale dati odgovor na otvorena pitanja tumačenja ugovora.

Ključne riječi: tumačenje ugovora, subjektivna metoda, objektivna metoda.

Summary

Contract interpretation is a complex process that, in case of disagreement between the parties, becomes the key to resolving their dispute. There are significant differences between common law and civil law, where the former starts from the objective method of interpretation of the contract, while the latter places emphasis on the subjective method of contract interpretation and research into the ‘true’ will of the parties. International instruments applicable to commercial contracts, sales contracts in particular, have also touched on the issue of contract interpretation. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods from 1980, which was also ratified by the Republic of Croatia, is of the greatest importance. The aim of this chapter is to analyse the main features of interpretation of commercial contracts according to common law and civil law, as well as international sources that aim to unify commercial law. The purpose is to confront the key arguments of the two main schools of contract interpretation – subjective and objective methods and to position the solutions of the Croatian legislator in this context. The chapter will determine whether de lege lata rulings should be changed or whether Croatian legal science and judicial practice should provide an answer to open questions of contract interpretation.

Keywords: interpretation of contracts, subjective method, objective method.

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Autori

Dr. sc. Mihaela Braut Filipović, izvanredna profesorica na Sveučilištu u Rijeci, Pravnom fakultetu, Katedri za trgovačko pravo i pravo društava.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-545X.

Dr. sc. Antonija Zubović, izvanredna profesorica na Sveučilištu u Rijeci, Pravnom fakultetu, Katedri za trgovačko pravo i pravo društava.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8238-3495.

Prijedlog citiranja (OSCOLA, 4. izd.)

Mihaela Braut Filipović i Antonija Zubović, "Tumačenje trgovačkih ugovora", u: Ivan Tot (ur.), Modernizacija Zakona o obveznim odnosima: Rasprave o potrebi reforme obveznog prava (Sveučilište u Zagrebu Ekonomski fakultet, 2024.), 207-258.

Cite this chapter (OSCOLA, 4th edn.)

Mihaela Braut Filipović and Antonija Zubović, 'Tumačenje trgovačkih ugovora' in Ivan Tot (ed), Modernizacija Zakona o obveznim odnosima: Rasprave o potrebi reforme obveznog prava (Sveučilište u Zagrebu Ekonomski fakultet 2024), 207-258.